Picture Identification Test Publication

Motivation Analysis is looking for a few good minds

New - an essay discussing basic problems of world cultures: "The Combative Dominance Syndrome"

Ondercin,P.A. (1984). Organization of needs in anorectic, bulimic, and obese college women. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(2), 162,167.

Chambers,J.L. (1980). Personal needs system. In R.H. Woody (Ed.), Encyclopedia of clinical assessment: Vol. 1 (pp. 390-399). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Chambers,J.L. & Surma, M.B. (1979), Dimensions of Picture Identification Test need associations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 43(2), 128-134.

Chambers, J.L. & Surma, M.B. (1977). Need associations and psychopathology. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41(4), 358-367.

Chambers, J.L. & Surma, M.B. (1976). Motivation concepts and sexual identity. Journal of Research in Personality, 10, 228-236.

Keller, B.B. (1975). Motivation factors in organized student group participation. Journal of College Student Personnel, 16(4), 313-316.

Chambers, J.L. & Kragie, B.W. (1975). Motivation concepts and headaches among student mental health referrals. Journal of American College Health Association, 23(4), 307-312.

Chambers, J.L. & Ventis, W.L. (1975). Need associations of male prisoners: A multidimensional assessment of Murray needs. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39(5), 486-496.

Chambers, J.L. (1972). Need associations of narcotics addicts. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 469-474.

Chambers, J.L. & Broussard, L.J. (1971). The role of need attitudes in adjustment. In H.J. Vetter & B.D. Smith (Eds.), Personality theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Chambers, J.L. & Wilson, W.T. (1971). Need associations to acquisition modes, education, and adjustment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 33, 911-917.

Chambers, J.L., Wilson, W.T., & Barger, B. (1968). Need differences between students with and without religious affiliation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 15(3), 208-210

Musselman, G.C., Barger, B., & Chambers, J.L. (1967). Student need patterns and effectiveness in college. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 108-111

Barger, B. & Hall, E. (1965). The relationship of MMPI high points and PIT need attitudes scores for male college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(3), 266-269.

Chambers, J.L., Barger, B. & Lieberman, L.R. (1965). Need patterns and abilities of college dropouts. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 25(2).

Chambers, J.L. & Lieberman, L.R. (1965). Need patterns and abilities of college dropouts. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(2), 145-149.

Chambers, J.L. & Lieberman, L.R. (1963). Differences between prisoners and trade students on the Picture Identification Test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 17, 355-361.

Chambers. J.L. & Lieberman, L.R. (1962). Variability of normal and maladjusted groups in attributing needs to best liked and least liked people. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 98-101.

Chambers, J.L. (1961). Trait judgment of photographs and adjustment of college students. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25(5), 433-435.

Chambers, J.L. & Broussard, L.J. (1960). Need attitudes of normal and paranoid schizophrenic males. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 16(3), 233-237.

Chambers, J.L. & Broussard, L.J. (1960). The role of need attitudes in adjustment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 16(4), 383-387.

Chambers, J.L. (1957). Trait judgment of photographs by neuropsychiatric patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13(4), 393-396.

Chambers, J.L. (1957). Identification with photographs of people. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(3), 232-234.

Chambers, J.L. (1956). Perceptual judgment and associative learning ability of schizophrenics and nonpsycotics. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20(3), 211-214.

Muguira, M.L. (1991). The personal motivation system of Hispanic female students as measured by the Picture Identification Test. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Saad, K.M. (1990). The personal need systems of college students: An analysis of the poorly adjusted freshman. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Sikes-Nova, V.E. (1990). Relationship between needs and interpersonal problems of women in four interpersonal categories. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Kraus, D.L. (1998). Development and validation of a self-report inventory to measure capacity for intimacy in close relations. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Annalorow,L.L. (1986). An analysis of the personal need systems of obese college freshmen. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Finch, J.L. (1986). Intimacy capacity in professional women: Need structures and antecedent family variables. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Gold, E.S. (1985). A personal need system analysis of parasuicidal behavior in male and female college students. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.  

The Picture Identification Test (PIT) is a psychological instrument based on the Murray need system. The PIT uses multidimensional scaling to provide an analysis of needs (motives). It indicates needs that are being met or expressed ineffectively. The PIT can be administered to subjects ages twelve and older.

• Motivation Analysis - Theory developed from Picture Identification Test research and from the general systems point of view.
• Essays - Observations and thoughts about motivation, beliefs, values, purpose and meaning.
• Needs (Motives) - Discussion of 22 Murray based needs as they relate to three major motivation dimensions.

For further information about the Picture Identification Test contact
Jay L. Chambers, PhD: ibis@kalexres.kendal.org
160 Kendal Drive Apartment #205
Lexington, Virginia 24450
Phone: 540.462.3874

The Motivation Analysis web site has three sections:

Motivation Analysis: General Systems Point of View | Combative Dimension | Personal Social Dimension | Competitve Dimension | PIT Scores | PIT Publications | PIT Dissertations | Motivation System Target Model | Target Model Reliability | GPA Predications | Need & Cluster Definitions | Links

Essays: Combative Dominance Syndrome (new) | Political Motivation | Mental Sets | Symbolic Thinking, Values, Motivation & Religion | Needs, Values, Philosophy & Religion

Needs (Motives): Abasement | Achievement | Affiliation | Aggression | Autonomy | Blame Avoidance | Counteraction | Defendance | Deference | Dominance | Exhibition | Gratitude | Harm Avoidance | Inferiority Avoidance | Nurturance | Order | Play | Rejection | Sentience | Sex | Succorance | Understanding

URL: http://www.overbooked.org/motivation/ma/pitpublications.html

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Overbooked is a volunteer project undertaken by Ann Chambers Theis,
Collection Management Administrator, Chesterfield County (VA) Public Library
P.O. Box 297, Chesterfield, VA, 23832. Phone: 804.748.1760.